Algonquin College
5.1 - Functions and Divisions of the Skeletal System
The skeletal system is the internal support and movement system composed bones, joints, cartilage and ligaments. Bones have various functions including:
  • Support –Support the body against gravity
  • Protection – Keep the soft internal organs “packed” safely inside the body; internal organs are easily injured
  • Movement – Limbs act as rigid levers against which muscles can work
  • Storage – Fat, minerals (Calcium)
  • Blood cell formation – Hematopoiesis in the marrow
There are two main divisions in the skeletal system related to both their location and function.

The axial skeleton is found along the longitudinal (vertical) axis of the body, and includes the skull and vertebrae.

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and the girdles to support the limbs.



Figure 5.1.1 Divisions of the skeletal system. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum (shown in yellow). The appendicular system consists of the limbs and limb girdles (shown in blue).